The graphic above comes from Astronomia Danica, Longomontanus’ book published in 1640.
Longomontanus basically expounded on Brahe’s model in A.D. He kept Tycho’s arrangement which differed from all the other models in the fact that the Sun and Mars’ orbit crossed one another.
Tycho’s model did not have a diurnal motion for Earth, i.e. it did not spin. Longomontanus’ updated Tychonic model did have the Earth spinning on its axis. In both versions, Earth was stationary at the center of the solar system. Both men were heavily influenced by the Bible.
Brahe’s arrangement featured the Sun revolving around the Earth/Moon while Venus and Mercury revolved around the Sun. So in that aspect, Mercury and Venus are heliocentric, well in actuality, so are Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. All of the planets, except the Earth, orbit the Sun in the Tychonic model.
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It is my goal to translate Astronomia Danica from Latin into English. Something that should have already been done a long time ago.
As I go along thru the book I will point out the reasons why I find their observations to be accurate and show how these determinations were made at the time as best I can.