Copernicus

Most people seem to have the notion that when Copernicus moved Earth from the center and had it circling the Sun that he also had the modern day values for the distance between the two. He did not.

Copernicus calculated the solar parallax to be 175”. 

The actual Copernican model had Earth moving at a modest speed of about 6000km/hr. Nowhere near the 107,000km/hr we are told that Earth moves today.

So if we used Copernicus’ values for a geocentric system, the Sun’s orbital speed would be ~6000 km/h. This is about 1mile per second.

This is almost exactly what the Sun’s orbital speed would be in Tycho Brahe’s model, his trusted assistant Longomontanus’ and every one of the following noted astronomers going back more than 2000 years.

270 Aristarchus – 180”

150 Hipparchus – 115 – 140”

136 Ptolemy 170”

920. Al-Battani 187”

1470 Regiomontanus 180”

1528 Fernel 160”

1543 Copernicus 175”

1570. Barrozi 177”

1596. Maestlin 176”

1598 Maginni 180”

1602 T. Brahe 180”

1620 Biancani 160”

1622 Longomontanus 160”

1632 Galileo 174”

1632 Lansberg 138”

1642 Bettini 180”

1644. Mutus 143”

1645. Boulliau 141”

How did every notable astronomer up to the mid 17th century manage to all mis-observe the Sun’s parallax by a factor of 20, while determining the Moon’s size and orbital radius near perfectly???

They didn’t.

It’s a fairytale that’s been sold by shysters and taken up by the gullible

Telescopes do not change the angular values of distant objects they simply enhance the finer details. We can see that Galileo for instance, using a telescope, found the Sun to be slightly closer than Longomontanus did.

Conclusion

I refuse to toss out 2000 years of observations based on immutable geometric principles and adopt modern values for our solar system which are glaringly wrong, as anybody with Autocad will quickly learn by simply drawing the system to scale.

I began doing this over 3 years ago and I immediately began to see problems with a model that uses a modern AU value with a swapped Earth/Sun. It doesn’t work. Certain values have to be modified, namely the eccentric percentage of the Sun’s orbit.

I was unaware at the time of these huge discrepancies in astronomy and even merely considering a geocentric system was practically inconceivable. So I was forced to work backwards.

But I’ve gone where the data has lead me not the other way around. I let go the preconceived notions and assumed that everything from the eighteenth century forward must be viewed with suspicion.

And even the simple fact that Brahe’s and Longomontanus’ work has never been translated from Latin is the most blatant tell of all. Brahe had the most advanced observatory there was, with numerous staff who labored night and day for twenty years making observations and this goes untranslated??

One thing I refuse to do is claim I have a model based upon works that I have never read. Tycho Brahe and Longomontanus NEVER described our solar system in the proportions as they are given today.

Not only is this a fallacy, but it becomes quickly obvious, for anyone who makes an effort, to see the myriad cycles and resonances that reveal themselves as a result of the natural order of things and Nature is certainly ordered. Longomontanus knew it, his writings say so. It’s a pity that so few have ever read his work.

Orbital eccentricity

This is Longomontanus’ diagram concerning eccentricity. The circle is the Sun’s orbital path around Earth. However, Earth is not in the center (M) it is offset to point N. So the path of the Sun while being perfectly circular the days between the equinoxes are not equal.

If Earth was at M then the circle would be perfectly bisected and there would be the same number of days in both halves. Since Earth sits lower down in the Sun’s orbit, the two equinoctial points, are skewed. This creates an asymmetry, an inequality between the two halves from our POV.

You should be able to clearly tell that arc AG is larger than arc GA. It gives an appearance that the Sun is slowing down and speeding up depending on where it is from our POV. There’s always about a week’s difference between the two halves. Of course all astronomers knew it was only an apparent change of speed, not an actual one.

I demonstrated the principle in this video:

The Tychonic Model

The graphic above comes from Astronomia Danica, Longomontanus’ book published in 1640.

Longomontanus basically expounded on Brahe’s model in A.D. He kept Tycho’s arrangement which differed from all the other models in the fact that the Sun and Mars’ orbit crossed one another.

Tycho’s model did not have a diurnal motion for Earth, i.e. it did not spin. Longomontanus’ updated Tychonic model did have the Earth spinning on its axis. In both versions, Earth was stationary at the center of the solar system. Both men were heavily influenced by the Bible.

Brahe’s arrangement featured the Sun revolving around the Earth/Moon while Venus and Mercury revolved around the Sun. So in that aspect, Mercury and Venus are heliocentric, well in actuality, so are Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. All of the planets, except the Earth, orbit the Sun in the Tychonic model.

Object

It is my goal to translate Astronomia Danica from Latin into English. Something that should have already been done a long time ago.

As I go along thru the book I will point out the reasons why I find their observations to be accurate and show how these determinations were made at the time as best I can.

Ptolemy’s Sun Angle Finder

Full disclosure, I came upon this instrument at the Following Kepler blog. He made one from scratch and I thought that I might be able to improve on his a bit.

It’s a nightmare cutting a circle out of metal unless you have some specific equipment that I do not. These days however, there are a multitude of online businesses that will do just that for you. After looking at several I chose SendCutSend because they have an app that you can basically draw the piece with online. They offer many different metals and other materials. I was originally looking at brass but its expensive, so I opted for 3/16” aluminum for $91.

The pieces arrived within a week and they are just about dead on the money dimensionally. I think they used a laser to do the cutting. They have an upgrade where you can have them deburr the part which I opted not to do. It only took me a few minutes with a file and sandpaper and I had the two pieces fitting together quite nicely.

After a couple of attempts to put the tick marks on the outer ring using a protractor a better idea dawned on me. I laid it out in Autocad and printed it and then taped that down to the ring. Then I put the tick marks in using a chisel. That worked out well.

I have the pieces of the dial on temporarily with double sided tape. They are just pieces of wood. When I have figured out exactly how I want it to be I will put some metal parts on permanently with screws.

Test Run

I have it temporarily mounted to a post and I tried it out this morning. I was going by a latitude that’s a bit south of here but it was reading fairly close. The pic below shows the angle at about 8:40 a.m. that should have been about 43° and this was right on 40°. Not plumbed and I am actually a bit north of that city’s latitude I was going by.

I need to figure out how the size and shape of the “pointer” affects things. I do not think the rear pointer is even necessary other than helping to hold the plates together. I will probably add a plumb line to it as well.

Real World/Sphere World

Even something this simple shows that Earth is spherical. You could go either north or south a couple of hours and at the same time of the day the reading would change due to the latitude. It should read precisely the same if you went east or west as long as the local time was the same.

So in theory you could have a dozen of these at various places around your region and then at given times write down the reading and then compare notes later on. You would then be able to deduce a) Earth is spherical and b) the size of the sphere I’m pretty sure.

Longomontanus.net

Welcome to the home of all things Christian Sorensen, aka Longomontanus!

From this moment forward everything that I learn from the translation of Astronomia Danica from Latin will find its home here.

Longomontanus was Tycho Brahe’s most trusted and long lived assistant at Uraniborg, were he observed for over ten years.